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John Voight : On Moduli of Nondegenerate Curves

We study the conditions under which an algebraic curve can be modelled by a Laurent polynomial that is nondegenerate with respect to its Newton polytope. Such nondegenerate polynomials have become popular objects in explicit algebraic geometry, owing to their connection with toric geometry; however, despite their ubiquity, the intrinsic property of nondegeneracy has not seen much detailed study. We prove that every curve of genus $g \geq 4$ over an algebraically closed field is nondegenerate in the above sense. More generally, let $\mathcal{M}_g^{\textup{nd}}$ be the locus of nondegenerate curves inside the moduli space of curves of genus $g \geq 2$. Then we show that $\dim \mathcal{M}_g^{\textup{nd}} = \min(2g+1,3g-3)$, except for $g=7$ where $\dim \mathcal{M}_7^{\textup{nd}} = 16$; thus, a generic curve of genus $g$ is nondegenerate if and only if $g \geq 4$

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